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The defect-length effect in corrosion detection with magnetic method for bridge cables

Qiwei ZHANG, Rongya XIN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第4期   页码 662-671 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0512-4

摘要：

Quantitative evaluation of the steel corrosion in cables is significant for the safe operation of cable-supported bridges. The magnetic flux (MF) examination shows great potential to detect the corrosion defect, or loss of metallic cross-sectional area (LMA). An LMA defect in steel cables can be measured accurately when it is longer than a certain length. However, for defects in early stage, where the length of corrosion area is short, the MF examination may produce unacceptable error. In this study, the effect of defect length on the MF examination for corrosion detection of bridge cables is investigated through theoretical analysis and model experiments. An original analytical model to quantify the influence of defect length is proposed based on the equivalent magnetic circuit method. Then, MF examination experiments are performed on a series of cable models with different defect lengths and locations to verify the analytical model. Further, parameter study is conducted based on the proposed analytical model to clarify the mechanism of the defect-length effect. The results show that the area loss caused by short corrosion damage will be underestimated if the defect-length effect is neglected, and this effect can be quantified efficiently with the proposed analytical model.

关键词： bridge cable     corrosion detection     defect length     MF examination     quantitative evaluation    

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Single-electromagnet levitation for density measurement and defect detection

Yuhan JIA, Peng ZHAO, Jun XIE, Xuechun ZHANG, Hongwei ZHOU, Jianzhong FU

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第16卷 第1期   页码 186-195 doi: 10.1007/s11465-020-0608-0

摘要： This paper presents a single-electromagnet levitation device to measure the densities and detect the internal defects of antimagnetic materials. The experimental device has an electromagnet in its lower part and a pure iron core in the upper part. When the electromagnet is activated, samples can be levitated stably in a paramagnetic solution. Compared with traditional magnetic levitation devices, the single-electromagnet levitation device is adjustable. Different currents, electromagnet shapes, and distances between the electromagnet and iron core are used in the experiment depending on the type of samples. The magnetic field formed by the electromagnet is strong. When the concentration of the MnCl aqueous solution is 3 mol/L, the measuring range of the single-electromagnet levitation device ranges from 1.301 to 2.308 g/cm . However, with the same concentration of MnCl aqueous solution (3 mol/L), the measuring range of a magnetic levitation device built with permanent magnets is only from 1.15 to 1.50 g/cm . The single-electromagnet levitation device has a large measuring range and can realize accurate density measurement and defect detection of high-density materials, such as glass and aluminum alloy.

关键词： single-electromagnet     electromagnetic levitation     density measurement     defect detection    

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Detection for transverse corner cracks of steel plates’ surface using wavelet

Qiong ZHOU, Qi AN

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第4卷 第2期   页码 224-227 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0017-x

摘要： An algorithm is presented for detecting transverse corner cracks at a steel plate surface using wavelet transform. According to characteristics of transverse corner crack images, the wavelet transform is used for the multi-scale analysis of detecting the image edges and disintegrating the image into four directions at the same time. The proper threshold value is chosen to segment the image into vertical components to obtain the final detection result. The experiment shows that transverse corner cracks of steel plates can be more effectively extracted by the proposed method than the other two common methods.

关键词： transverse corner cracks     defect detection     multi-scales wavelet analysis    

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桥面铺装病害检测技术研究

郭成超,许朋飞,崔璨

《中国工程科学》 2017年 第19卷 第6期   页码 38-43 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.06.006

摘要：

在桥梁的全生命周期中，桥面板是最容易出现病害的部分。桥面铺装层常常由于施工方法选择不当、混凝土老化、钢筋锈蚀等原因产生各种病害，这对桥梁结构、使用性能都会造成不利影响，因此有必要对相关病害进行检测，并对桥面质量做出相关评价。本文介绍了国内外四种主要无损检测方法（半电池电位法、探地雷达法、冲击回波法、红外热成像法）的工作原理以及相应的检测设备，利用其中一种或几种方法能准确评估桥面板的恶化情况，对桥面板状况进行快速、无损检测，为实现桥面铺装的准确检测提供技术支持，从而减少结构病害，延长桥梁的使用寿命。

关键词： 桥面铺装     病害     无损检测    

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Detection of solder bump defects on a flip chip using vibration analysis

Junchao LIU, Tielin SHI, Qi XIA, Guanglan LIAO

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第7卷 第1期   页码 29-37 doi: 10.1007/s11465-012-0314-7

摘要：

Flip chips are widely used in microelectronics packaging owing to the high demand of integration in IC fabrication. Solder bump defects on flip chips are difficult to detect, because the solder bumps are obscured by the chip and substrate. In this paper a nondestructive detection method combining ultrasonic excitation with vibration analysis is presented for detecting missing solder bumps, which is a typical defect in flip chip packaging. The flip chip analytical model is revised by considering the influence of spring mass on mechanical energy of the system. This revised model is then applied to estimate the flip chip resonance frequencies. We use an integrated signal generator and power amplifier together with an air-coupled ultrasonic transducer to excite the flip chips. The vibrations are measured by a laser scanning vibrometer to detect the resonance frequencies. A sensitivity coefficient is proposed to select the sensitive resonance frequency order for defect detection. Finite element simulation is also implemented for further investigation. The results of analytical computation, experiment, and simulation prove the efficacy of the revised flip chip analytical model and verify the effectiveness of this detection method. Therefore, it may provide a guide for the improvement and innovation of the flip chip on-line inspection systems.

关键词： flip chip     defect detection     ultrasonic excitation     vibration analysis    

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Acoustic fault signal extraction via the line-defect phononic crystals

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第17卷 第1期   页码 10-10 doi: 10.1007/s11465-021-0666-y

摘要： Rotating machine fault signal extraction becomes increasingly important in practical engineering applications. However, fault signals with low signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) are difficult to extract, especially at the early stage of fault diagnosis. In this paper, 2D line-defect phononic crystals (PCs) consisting of periodic acrylic tubes with slit are proposed for weak signal detection. The defect band, namely, the formed resonance band of line-defect PCs enables the incident acoustic wave at the resonance frequency to be trapped and enhanced at the resonance cavity. The noise can be filtered by the band gap. As a result, fault signals with high SNRs can be obtained for fault feature extraction. The effectiveness of weak harmonic and periodic impulse signal detection via line-defect PCs are investigated in numerical and experimental studies. All the numerical and experimental results indicate that line-defect PCs can be well used for extracting weak harmonic and periodic impulse signals. This work will provide potential for extracting weak signals in many practical engineering applications.

关键词： phononic crystals     line-defect     fault signal extraction     acoustic enhancement    

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Research progress of defect-engineered UiO-66(Zr) MOFs for photocatalytic hydrogen production

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第3期   页码 656-666 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0765-9

摘要： In recent years, defect-engineered Zr-based UiO-66 metal-organic frameworks (UiO-66(Zr) metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)) have shown huge advantages in catalytic, functional materials, adsorption, and other fields due to their large surface areas, well-ordered porous structures, and flexible tailorability. It is extremely challenging to introduce defect sites in the synthesis of MOFs to regulate the physicochemical properties of materials such as (energy band structure, pore structure, etc.) to obtain an excellent performance. This paper reviews the recent research results of synthesis methods, characterization technologies, and application fields of defect-engineered UiO-66(Zr) MOFs materials in order to provide new insights to synthesize high-performance UiO-66(Zr) MOFs materials and promote the development of UiO-66(Zr) in various fields.

关键词： defect engineering     metal-organic frameworks     UiO-66     photocatalysis    

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Statistical analysis of recombination properties of the boron-oxygen defect in p-type Czochralski silicon

Nitin NAMPALLI,Tsun Hang FUNG,Stuart WENHAM,Brett HALLAM,Malcolm ABBOTT

《能源前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第1期   页码 4-22 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0442-6

摘要： This paper presents the application of lifetime spectroscopy to the study of carrier-induced degradation ascribed to the boron-oxygen (BO) defect. Specifically, a large data set of p-type silicon samples is used to investigate two important aspects of carrier lifetime analysis: ① the methods used to extract the recombination lifetime associated with the defect and ② the underlying assumption that carrier injection does not affect lifetime components unrelated to the defect. The results demonstrate that the capture cross section ratio associated with the donor level of the BO defect ( ) vary widely depending on the specific method used to extract the defect-specific recombination lifetime. For the data set studied here, it was also found that illumination used to form the defect caused minor, but statistically significant changes in the surface passivation used. This violation of the fundamental assumption could be accounted for by applying appropriate curve fitting methods, resulting in an improved estimate of (11.90±0.45) for the fully formed BO defect when modeled using the donor level alone. Illumination also appeared to cause a minor, apparently injection-independent change in lifetime that could not be attributed to the donor level of the BO defect alone and is likely related to the acceptor level of the BO defect. While specific to the BO defect, this study has implications for the use of lifetime spectroscopy to study other carrier induced defects. Finally, we demonstrate the use of a unit-less regression goodness-of-fit metric for lifetime data that is easy to interpret and accounts for repeatability error.

关键词： Czochralski silicon     boron-oxygen defect     injection dependent lifetime spectroscopy     goodness-of-fit     repeatability error    

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基于双层多目标分割的超高速撞击航天器损伤红外检测算法 Research Article

杨晓1,殷春1,Sara DADRAS2,雷光钰1,谭旭彤1,邱根1

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第23卷 第4期   页码 571-586 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000695

摘要： 针对超高速撞击引起的航天器损伤检测，提出一种先进的基于红外成像检测的航天器缺陷提取算法。采用高速混合模型对红外视频流采样数据中的温度变化特征进行分类，并重构图像，得到反映缺陷特征的红外重构图像。设计的分割目标函数用于保证图像分割结果对噪声去除和细节保留的有效性，同时考虑到红外重构图像的复杂性，即所需权衡不同。因此，引入多目标优化算法以实现细节保留和噪声去除之间的平衡，并采用基于分解的多目标进化算法（MOEA/D）进行优化，以保证损伤分割的准确性。实验结果验证了所提算法的有效性。

关键词： 超高速撞击损伤； 缺陷检测；高斯混合模型；图像分割    

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Effect of cavity defect on the triaxial mechanical properties of high-performance concrete

Yanbin ZHANG; Zhe WANG; Mingyu FENG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第5期   页码 600-614 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0821-5

摘要： The stress concentration of pipe structure or cavity defect has a great effect on the mechanical properties of the high-performance concrete (HPC) members in deep underground locations. However, the behaviour of HPC with cavities under triaxial compression is not understood, especially when pressurized liquid flows into the fractures from the cavity. This study aims to investigate the effect of the cavity and the confining pressure on the failure mechanisms, strengths, and deformation properties of HPC with a new experimental scheme. In this experiment, the pressurized liquid can only contact the surface of the sample in the cavity, while the other surfaces are isolated from the pressurized liquid. To further explore the effect of the cavity, the same experiments are also conducted on sealed and unsealed intact samples without a cavity. The failure modes and stress-strain curves of all types of the samples are presented. Under various confining pressures, all the samples with a cavity suffer shear failure, and there are always secondary tensile fractures initiating from the cavity sidewall. Additionally, it can be determined from the failure modes and the stress-strain curves that the shear fractures result from the sidewall failure. Based on the different effects of the cavity on the lateral deformations in different directions, the initiation of the sidewall fracture is well predicted. The experimental results show that both the increase of the confining pressure and the decrease of the cavity size are conducive to the initiation of sidewall fracture. Moreover, the cavity weakens the strength of the sample, and this study gives a modified Power-law criterion in which the cavity size is added as an impact factor to predict the strength of the sample.

关键词： high-performance concrete     cavity     conventional triaxial compression     pressurized liquid     modified power-law criterion    

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Construction of defect-containing UiO-66/MoSe heterojunctions with superior photocatalytic performance

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第4期   页码 449-459 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2226-3

摘要： Metal–organic frameworks are recognized as promising multifunctional materials, especially metal–organic framework-based photocatalysts, which are considered to be ideal photocatalytic materials. Herein, a new type of UiO-66/MoSe2 composite was prepared using the solvothermal method. The optimum composite was selected by adjusting the mass ratio of UiO-66 and MoSe2. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the mass ratio influenced the crystal plane exposure rate of the composite, which may have affected its photocatalytic performance. The composite is composed of ultra-thin flower-like MoSe2 that wrapped around cubic UiO-66, a structure that increases the abundance of active sites for reactions and is more conducive to the separation of carriers. The photocatalytic properties of the composite were evaluated by measuring the degradation rate of Rhodamine B and the catalyst’s ability to reduce Cr(VI)-containing wastewater under visible light irradiation. Rhodamine B was decolorized completely in 120 min, and most of the Cr(VI) was reduced within 150 min. The photochemical mechanism of the complex was studied in detail. The existence of Mo6+ and oxygen vacancies, in addition to the Z-type heterojunction promote the separation of electrons and holes, which enhances the photocatalytic effect.

关键词： UiO-66/MoSe2     photocatalysis     dye-containing wastewater     heavy metal wastewater     oxygen vacancies    

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一种面向软件缺陷预测的相似性度量特征选择方法 Article

Qiao YU, Shu-juan JIANG, Rong-cun WANG, Hong-yang WANG

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第18卷 第11期   页码 1744-1753 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1601322

摘要： 软件缺陷预测旨在通过历史数据和能反映软件模块特性的软件特征来发现潜在缺陷。然而，有的特征可能与类别（有缺陷或无缺陷）的相关性较高，有的特征可能是冗余的或无关的。针对软件缺陷预测中不同特征与类别的相关性差异，本文提出一种基于相似性度量（similarity measure, SM）的特征选择方法。首先，根据不同类样本间的相似性来更新特征权重；然后，按照特征权重值降序排列生成特征排序列表，并依次选取特征排序列表中的所有特征子集；最后，在KNN（k-nearest neighbor）模型上验证所有特征子集的分类性能，并采用AUC （area under curve）指标进行度量。在11个美国航空航天局（NASA）数据集上进行实验验证，结果表明，与其它四种特征选择方法相比，本文方法具有与之相当甚至更高的分类性能。

关键词： 软件缺陷预测；特征选择；相似性度量；特征权重；特征排序列表    

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Usability perceptions and beliefs about smart thermostats by chi-square test, signal detection theory, and fuzzy detection theory in regions of Mexico

Pedro PONCE, Therese PEFFER, Arturo MOLINA

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第3期   页码 522-538 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0562-2

摘要： It is well known that smart thermostats (STs) have become key devices in the implementation of smart homes; thus, they are considered as primary elements for the control of electrical energy consumption in households. Moreover, energy consumption is drastically affected when the end users select unsuitable STs or when they do not use the STs correctly. Furthermore, in future, Mexico will face serious electrical energy challenges that can be considerably resolved if the end users operate the STs in a correct manner. Hence, it is important to carry out an in-depth study and analysis on thermostats, by focusing on social aspects that influence the technological use and performance of the thermostats. This paper proposes the use of a signal detection theory (SDT), fuzzy detection theory (FDT), and chi-square (CS) test in order to understand the perceptions and beliefs of end users about the use of STs in Mexico. This paper extensively shows the perceptions and beliefs about the selected thermostats in Mexico. Besides, it presents an in-depth discussion on the cognitive perceptions and beliefs of end users. Moreover, it shows why the expectations of the end users about STs are not met. It also promotes the technological and social development of STs such that they are relatively more accepted in complex electrical grids such as smart grids.

关键词： thermostats     perceptions     beliefs     signal detection theory (SDT)     fuzzy signal detection theory (FSDT)     chi-square (CS) test    

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Advances in airborne microorganisms detection using biosensors: A critical review

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1420-8

摘要：

Humanity has been facing the threat of a variety of infectious diseases. Airborne microorganisms can cause airborne infectious diseases, which spread rapidly and extensively, causing huge losses to human society on a global scale. In recent years, the detection technology for airborne microorganisms has developed rapidly; it can be roughly divided into biochemical, immune, and molecular technologies.

关键词： Biosensor     Airborne microorganisms     Microbiological detection technology    

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Recent advances in SERS detection of perchlorate

Jumin Hao, Xiaoguang Meng

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第3期   页码 448-464 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1611-9

摘要： Perchlorate has recently emerged as a widespread environmental contaminant of healthy concern. Development of novel detection methods for perchlorate with the potential for field use has been an urgent need. The investigation has shown that surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique has great potential to become a practical analysis tool for the rapid screening and routine monitoring of perchlorate in the field, particularly when coupled with portable/handheld Raman spectrometers. In this review article, we summarize progress made in SERS analysis of perchlorate in water and other media with an emphasis on the development of SERS substrates for perchlorate detection. The potential of this technique for fast screening and field testing of perchlorate-contaminated environmental samples is discussed. The challenges and possible solutions are also addressed, aiming to provide a better understanding on the development directions in the research field.

关键词： perchlorate     SERS     detection     substrate     modification     nanostructure    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

The defect-length effect in corrosion detection with magnetic method for bridge cables

Qiwei ZHANG, Rongya XIN

期刊论文

Single-electromagnet levitation for density measurement and defect detection

Yuhan JIA, Peng ZHAO, Jun XIE, Xuechun ZHANG, Hongwei ZHOU, Jianzhong FU

期刊论文

Detection for transverse corner cracks of steel plates’ surface using wavelet

Qiong ZHOU, Qi AN

期刊论文

桥面铺装病害检测技术研究

郭成超,许朋飞,崔璨

期刊论文

Detection of solder bump defects on a flip chip using vibration analysis

Junchao LIU, Tielin SHI, Qi XIA, Guanglan LIAO

期刊论文

Acoustic fault signal extraction via the line-defect phononic crystals

期刊论文

Research progress of defect-engineered UiO-66(Zr) MOFs for photocatalytic hydrogen production

期刊论文

Statistical analysis of recombination properties of the boron-oxygen defect in p-type Czochralski silicon

Nitin NAMPALLI,Tsun Hang FUNG,Stuart WENHAM,Brett HALLAM,Malcolm ABBOTT

期刊论文

基于双层多目标分割的超高速撞击航天器损伤红外检测算法

杨晓1,殷春1,Sara DADRAS2,雷光钰1,谭旭彤1,邱根1

期刊论文

Effect of cavity defect on the triaxial mechanical properties of high-performance concrete

Yanbin ZHANG; Zhe WANG; Mingyu FENG

期刊论文

Construction of defect-containing UiO-66/MoSe heterojunctions with superior photocatalytic performance

期刊论文

一种面向软件缺陷预测的相似性度量特征选择方法

Qiao YU, Shu-juan JIANG, Rong-cun WANG, Hong-yang WANG

期刊论文

Usability perceptions and beliefs about smart thermostats by chi-square test, signal detection theory, and fuzzy detection theory in regions of Mexico

Pedro PONCE, Therese PEFFER, Arturo MOLINA

期刊论文

Advances in airborne microorganisms detection using biosensors: A critical review

期刊论文

Recent advances in SERS detection of perchlorate

Jumin Hao, Xiaoguang Meng

期刊论文